ABSTRACT
The recognition of the Covid-19 (SARS CoV-2) outbreak as a global pandemic by WHO on March 11th, 2020, has brought impacts on various sectors including the economic sector. The Government of Indonesia is also striving to prevent the transmission of Covid-19 by establishing a large-scale social restriction policy in various regions. The determination of the large-scale social restriction policy, which requires people to undertake their activities at a distance (social distancing), has in fact caused considerable losses to Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (hereafter MSMEs) because the demand and purchasing power of the community has dramatically decreased. This situation makes it difficult for MSMEs actors to pay instalments for business capital loans, which has the potential to increase the number of bad loans in the banking sector. This research is an empirical law study that aims to analyze the Government of Indonesia's policies in protecting micro, small, and medium enterprises from the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. The results of this research indicate that the strategies that must be implemented by the government in protecting MSMEs actors from the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic are by relaxing and restructuring MSME loans, and providing stimulus in the form of working capital. © 2022, Supporting Academic Initiatives Foundation. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Even and equitable distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine becomes one of key strategies to reduce the number of positive cases and virus transmissions all over the world. This paper aims to introduce and demonstrate a mathematical model based on a maximal covering location problem (MCLP) to optimise the coverage of the COVID-19 vaccine distribution. A mathematical model is proposed and demonstrated using an illustrative case study of healthcare facilities and location coordinates of villages in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A numerical computer experiment is conducted to obtain optimal results of the locational analysis. The results show that the proposed model provides an efficient coverage of vaccination by minimising the distances travelled by the target population. It also reveals an interesting insight that prioritising vaccination for areas with high COVID-19 cases results in a less efficient coverage. The novel location-allocation model for COVID-19 vaccination facilities proposed in this paper particularly applies in a developing country. The model could be used as an alternative way to increase the vaccination coverage and priority whilst minimising the potential risks of the virus transmissions and transport costs. © 2022 Operations and Supply Chain Management Forum. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Handling the COVID-19 outbreak is one of the most novelties modern work is facing by many countries today. Massive outbreak needs countries efficacy and talent in creating new approaches. These approaches need to prevent the spread of the outbreak and increase the citizens' belief as the outbreak will damage the countries' functional capacity. Technical efficiency is used maximally to gain total control of the conditions. This study aims to measure the relative efficiency level of Southeast Asian countries in dealing with COVID-19 pandemic over one year. Methods: The relative efficiency level of the most successful countries in Southeast Asia in managing COVID-19 infection was determined using Frontier 4.1 through Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) and Excel software. The technical efficiency of the SFA model is defined as the ratio of observed output to maximum feasible production. If the country's technical efficiency (TE) is greater than 80%, it is the most effective in Southeast Asia at managing COVID-19 infection, but if it is less than 80% or close to 0, it is inefficient. Results: This research aims at the COVID-19 epidemic in a Southeast Asian country, where the country with the highest technical efficiency score is the most efficient and indicates the country's ability to deal with the COVID-19 outbreak without any complications. Laos was ranked first (TE = 0.99901), with a technical efficiency score that was higher than that of most other Southeast Asian countries. Singapore comes in second position with a technical efficiency score of 0.99882. Brunei is in third place for COVID-19, with a technical efficiency score of 0.99870. Cambodia is in last place, with a score of 0.84675 for technical efficiency. Conclusion: Laos is the highest technical efficiency score among the southeast Asian countries. Various things that can lead to inefficiency include lack of awareness about standard operating procedures (SOP) among the causes of COVID-19 case infection in the workplace, and the community continues to increase. This condition may also be due to the lack of medication or vaccines to cure COVID-19. All communities around the world are expected to adopt standard operating procedures (SOP) such as wearing face masks, hand sanitizers, and social distance to curb the increasingly violent spread of COVID-19. © 2021 Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
ABSTRACT
Background The effectiveness of vaccination campaigns in the midst of a pandemic depends on both the vaccine's effectiveness and the general population's willingness to be vaccinated. To estimate the proportion of the general population willing to get COVID-19 vaccination and to identify factors, ie, the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths, and WHO Regions contributing to the willingness rate, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis compliant with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Methods A search of the existing relevant literature was conducted by means of Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, Registers, and other sources in order to identify studies published between November 2019 and April 2021. A total of 19 studies from 11 countries that satisfied the inclusion criteria (ie, studies exclusively on the general population, and participants aged 16 years and above) were retrieved. Data extraction and quality assessment were conducted. Heterogeneity was quantified using the I2 statistic, and publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and the Egger's test. A meta-analysis and a meta-regression analysis were conducted using STATA 16.1 software. Results The pooled rate of willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine among the general population was calculated to be 60.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 51.5, 68.4). Meta-analyses showed, on the one hand, that the highest pooled willingness to get vaccinated was 73% (95% CI = 62.3, 84.1) in the studies of countries with 1000-4000 COVID-19 cases per million population and, on the other, that the same measure was 71% (95% CI = 53.2, 89.1) in countries reporting >400 COVID-19 deaths per million population. The acceptance rates also varied in different WHO regions of the world. The meta-regression analysis showed that a COVID-19 death rate of >400 per million population or higher was significantly associated (P = 0.02) with the willingness rate. Conclusions The overall willingness among the general global population to get a COVID-19 vaccine is moderately high;however, the existence of hesitancy might be a major obstacle to the global efforts to control the current pandemic. Understanding the critical factors influencing the acceptance of pandemic vaccines may help health authorities to manage emerging public health threats better.
ABSTRACT
Website covid19.kalbarprov.go.id is a website that serves as a medium for spreading information about the spread of the coronavirus in West Kalimantan. Currently, the number of covid19.kalbarprov.go.id website users is very large because many people want to know the latest information about the coronavirus in the West Kalimantan region. Therefore it is necessary to measure the level of user satisfaction on the site covid19.kalbarprov.go.id. The purpose of this study is to determine thelevel of user satisfaction with website services using the Webqual 4.0 method. Webqual is one method of measuring website quality based on the perception of end-users. Webqual variables are usability, information quality, service interaction quality, and user satisfaction. In processing research data using the smartPLS application to determine the level of validity and reliability of the data obtained. The results showed that usability, information quality, and service interaction had a positive effect on User Satisfaction. So it can be concluded that the quality of usability, quality ofinformation, and quality of service interaction affect the satisfaction of website users covid19.kalbarprov.go.id. © 2020 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.